Mwinyele<p><span class="h-card"><a href="https://mastodon.online/@jetton" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@<span>jetton</span></a></span> for anyone else who finds themselves furrowing their brows at the word <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/cytogenetics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cytogenetics</span></a> , <br>here’s a full (unsolicited) rundown from <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/sciencedirect" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>sciencedirect</span></a> :</p><p>What is cytogenetics? <br>Cytogenetics is the oldest and most basic technique used to perform <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/cytogenomic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cytogenomic</span></a> studies. It is far from being outdated and offers unique possibilities to approach the whole genome of a given species at once; cytogenetics takes advantage of the possibility of making a genome visible to the human eye under a microscopic lens (Liehr, 2020, 2021a, 2021b).<br>Cytogenetics is defined slightly differently, according to the following three references:<br>•<br>Cytogenetics is “the study of chromosomes, which are long strands of DNA and protein that contain most of the genetic information in a cell. Cytogenetics involves testing samples of tissue, blood, or bone marrow in a laboratory to look for changes in chromosomes, including broken, missing, rearranged, or extra chromosomes. Changes in certain chromosomes may be a sign of a <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/geneticdisease" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>geneticdisease</span></a> or condition or some types of <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/cancer" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cancer</span></a> . Cytogenetics may be used to help diagnose a disease or condition, plan treatment, or find out how well treatment is working” (Cytogenetics - <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/CancerDictionary" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>CancerDictionary</span></a> 2020).<br>• <br>“Cytogenetics is essentially a branch of genetics but is also a part of <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/cellbiology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cellbiology</span></a> /#cytology (a subdivision of <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/humananatomy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>humananatomy</span></a> ), that is concerned with how the chromosomes relate to <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/cellbehavior" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cellbehavior</span></a> , particularly to their behavior during mitosis and meiosis. Techniques used include <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/karyotyping" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>karyotyping</span></a> , analysis of G-banded chromosomes and other <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/cytogenetic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cytogenetic</span></a> banding techniques” (Cytogenetics - Wikipedia, 2020).<br>•<br>Cytogenetics is “the branch of <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/genetics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>genetics</span></a> that is concerned primarily in cellular components, especially chromosomes, in relation to <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/heredity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>heredity</span></a> , <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/geneticanomalies" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>geneticanomalies</span></a> , and <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/pathologicconditions" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>pathologicconditions</span></a> . It is the branch of genetics that deal at the cellular level” (Cytogenetics - <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/BiologyOnline" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>BiologyOnline</span></a> , 2020).<br>Thus, cytogenetics, as discussed here, is about studying chromosomes by the classical methods outlined later. It is single-cell oriented, and studies chromosomes for research and <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/diagnostic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>diagnostic</span></a> purposes. In research, it provides basic information about genomes, including necessary insights into chromosome numbers, shape, and structures, like telomeres, centromeres, chromosome-arms, or banding pattern. In addition, it is of interest that mitotic as well as meiotic chromosomes can be accessed. Overall, cytogenetics is the “entry method,” in case genetic diagnostics is required in pre-, postnatal, or <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/leukemia" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>leukemia</span></a> diagnostics, but also in studies on <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/karyotypes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>karyotypes</span></a> and genomes in <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/evolutionresearch" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>evolutionresearch</span></a> (<a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/Liehr" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Liehr</span></a> , 2020).<br><a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/cytogenecist" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cytogenecist</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/cytogeneticists" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cytogeneticists</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/diagnostics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>diagnostics</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/cellbehaviour" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cellbehaviour</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/cancerresearch" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cancerresearch</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/oncologist" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>oncologist</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/molecularhemopathology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>molecularhemopathology</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/oncology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>oncology</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/MultipleMyeloma" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>MultipleMyeloma</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/genomemaps" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>genomemaps</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/geneticmapping" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>geneticmapping</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/linkagemaps" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>linkagemaps</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/cytogeneticmapping" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>cytogeneticmapping</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/rflp" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>rflp</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/vntr" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>vntr</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/meded" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>meded</span></a> <a href="https://eldritch.cafe/tags/humanchromosomes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>humanchromosomes</span></a></p>