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Giuseppe MichieliHow close is the next {<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#influenza</a>} <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/pandemic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pandemic</a>? Chinese <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/researchers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#researchers</a> {George F. Gao} have some answers <a href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3289473/how-close-next-pandemic-chinese-researchers-have-some-answers?utm_source=feedly_feed" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3289473/how-close-next-pandemic-chinese-researchers-have-some-answers?utm_source=feedly_feed</a> China’s top infectious disease expert says a strain {<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H2N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#H2N2</a>} of avian <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#influenza</a> virus is adapting and could make the leap from <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/birds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#birds</a> to <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/mammals" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#mammals</a>.

Giuseppe MichieliDual <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/receptor" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#receptor</a>-binding, <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/infectivity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#infectivity</a>, and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/transmissibility" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#transmissibility</a> of an emerging <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H2N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#H2N2</a> low pathogenicity avian <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#influenza</a> virusSource: Nature Communications, AbstractThe 1957 H2N2 influenza pandemic virus has disappeared from humans since 1968, while H2N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are still circulating in birds. It is necessary to reveal the recurrence risk and potential cross-species infection of these AIVs from avian to mammals. We find that H2 AIVs circulating in…<a href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/11/20/dual-receptor-binding-infectivity-and-transmissibility-of-an-emerging-h2n2-low-pathogenicity-avian-influenza-virus/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/11/20/dual-receptor-binding-infectivity-and-transmissibility-of-an-emerging-h2n2-low-pathogenicity-avian-influenza-virus/</a>

Giuseppe MichieliNovel <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/reassortant" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#reassortant</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H2N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#H2N2</a> low pathogenic avian <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#influenza</a> virus in live <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/bird" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#bird</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/markets" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#markets</a> in the Northeastern <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/USA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#USA</a>, 2019-2023Source: Avian Pathology, ABSTRACTThe H2N2 avian influenza viruses (AIV) have been reported in the Northeast United States of America (USA) live bird market (LBM) system since 2014. In this study, we investigated the genetic evolution and characterized molecular markers of the recent H2N2 AIVs in LBMs in the Northeast USA. Phylogenetic analyses…<a href="https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/11/18/novel-reassortant-h2n2-low-pathogenic-avian-influenza-virus-in-live-bird-markets-in-the-northeastern-usa-2019-2023/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/11/18/novel-reassortant-h2n2-low-pathogenic-avian-influenza-virus-in-live-bird-markets-in-the-northeastern-usa-2019-2023/</a>

Giuseppe MichieliA(<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H2N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#H2N2</a>) and A(<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H3N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#H3N2</a>) <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#influenza</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/pandemics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pandemics</a> elicited durable cross-reactive and protective <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/antibodies" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#antibodies</a> against avian <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#N2</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/neuraminidases" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#neuraminidases</a>, Nat Commun.: <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-49884-9" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-49884-9</a> The anti-AIV N2 antibodies titers correlate with antibody titers to the 1957 N2, suggesting that <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/exposure" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#exposure</a> to the A(H2N2) virus contribute to this reactivity. These findings underscore the critical role of neuraminidase <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/immunity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#immunity</a> in <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/zoonotic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#zoonotic</a> and pandemic influenza <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/risk" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#risk</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/assessment" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#assessment</a>.

Giuseppe MichieliThe <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H4" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#H4</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/subtype" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#subtype</a> of avian <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#influenza</a> virus: a <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/review" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#review</a> of its historical <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/evolution" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#evolution</a>, global <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/distribution" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#distribution</a>, adaptive <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/mutations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#mutations</a> and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/receptor" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#receptor</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/binding" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#binding</a> properties, Poul Sci.: <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579124004929?via%3Dihub" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579124004929?via%3Dihub</a> The Q226L/G228S <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/substitutions" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#substitutions</a> in the receptor-binding site have led to structural changes in globular head of H4 AIV, resulting in a configuration similar to that of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/pandemic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pandemic</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H2N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#H2N2</a> and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H3N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#H3N2</a> human influenza viruses.

Giuseppe MichieliImmune <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/memory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#memory</a> shapes <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/human" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#human</a> polyclonal <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/antibody" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#antibody</a> responses to <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H2N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#H2N2</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/vaccination" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#vaccination</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38717904/?utm_source=Feedly&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=None&utm_content=1fgJURi2yzLesFml6et0Bb6krzs_FrNIYgPYVFN50JPwVNFg9s&fc=None&ff=20240508195305&v=2.18.0.post9+e462414" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38717904/?utm_source=Feedly&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=None&utm_content=1fgJURi2yzLesFml6et0Bb6krzs_FrNIYgPYVFN50JPwVNFg9s&fc=None&ff=20240508195305&v=2.18.0.post9+e462414</a> Our findings accentuate the impact of pre-existing influenza exposure on serum antibody responses post-vaccination.

Giuseppe Michieli<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Influenza</a>: Searching for <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Pandemic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Pandemic</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Origins" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Origins</a>, Ann Rev Virol.: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-111821-125223" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-111821-125223</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/research" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#research</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/biography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#biography</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/history" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#history</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#H1N1</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H3N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#H3N2</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H2N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#H2N2</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/pandemics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pandemics</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/virology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#virology</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#influenza</a>

Giuseppe Michieli''Our data demonstrate that A/ <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H2N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#H2N2</a> viruses continued to adapt during the first year of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/pandemic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pandemic</a> circulation in <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/humans" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#humans</a>, similar to what was previously shown for the A/ <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H1N1pdm09" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#H1N1pdm09</a> virus.''

Giuseppe MichieliContinued <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/adaptation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#adaptation</a> of A / <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H2N2" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#H2N2</a> {<a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#influenza</a>} viruses during <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/pandemic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pandemic</a> circulation in <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/humans" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#humans</a>, J Gen Virol.: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001881" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001881</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/research" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#research</a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a>

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